Izitena eziRefractory zodongwe: ISiseko esithembekileyo kwi-Industrial High-Temperature Domain

Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemveliso yamashishini, iindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu zenza imingeni eqhelekileyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kwi-metallurgy, i-glass production, i-ceramic, okanye imveliso ye-cement, izinto ezinokwethenjelwa zifunekayo ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwezixhobo zokuvelisa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Njengomathiriyeli we-refractory ovavanywe ixesha elide, izitena zodongwe ezilahlayo zidlala indima engenakulinganiswa kwaye ibalulekileyo kwintsimi yobushushu obuphezulu beshishini kunye nokusebenza kwazo okubalaseleyo.

Ukusebenza okuBalaseleyo ukujongana nemingeni yobushushu obuphezulu

Izitena ze-clay refractory zibonisa uluhlu lweenzuzo zokusebenza eziphawulekayo ngenxa yokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezizodwa kunye ne-microstructure. Iinxalenye zazo eziphambili ludongwe kunye nekaolin, kwaye inxalenye ethile yezinto ezincedisayo ezifana nesanti yequartz, i-bauxite, kunye ne-ganggue yamalahle idla ngokudityaniswa. Le ndibaniselwano yenziwe ngononophelo imathiriyeli ekrwada ibanika iimpawu ezigqwesileyo zokuchasa. Ngokubanzi, izitena ezichasayo zodongwe zinokumelana lula namaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-1000 ° C, kwaye ezinye iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinokuxhathisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu angaphezu kwe-1500 ° C, zibonelela ngomqobo wokhuselo lobushushu obuphezulu kwimveliso yamashishini.

Ngaphezu koko, izitena ezinqanda udongwe zisebenza ngokugqwesileyo ekuxhathiseni ukubola. Udongwe kunye ne-kaolin kwizinto eziphathekayo ziqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu e-silicate kunye ne-aluminate, enokuthi ixhathise ngokufanelekileyo ukukhukuliseka kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali ezifana ne-acids, alkali, kunye neetyuwa. Olu phawu lubenza bathandeke kakhulu kumashishini aneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokuxhathisa ukubola, njengamashishini ekhemikhali kunye nesinyithi, eqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kwezixhobo kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zeekhemikhali.

Kwiindawo eziphezulu zokushisa, ukunxiba izinto eziphathekayo kuyingxaki eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, izitena ezinqambileyo zodongwe zinokumelana ne-abrasion ebalaseleyo ngenxa yokuqina kwazo okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Umphezulu wabo awugqithwanga ngokulula kumaqondo aphezulu, kwaye banokugcina ukugudiswa kunye namandla omatshini ixesha elide, ukwandisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokugcina.

Ukongeza, izitena zobumba ezinqambileyo nazo zineempawu ezilungileyo zokugquma i-thermal. Izinto zokufakelwa kwe-thermal ezifana ne-perlite eyandisiweyo kunye ne-vermiculite eyandisiweyo ehlala iqulethwe ngaphakathi inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuhanjiswa kobushushu, idlala indima ebalaseleyo yokugcina ubushushu kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla.

Izicelo eziBanzi zokuKhulisa uPhuhliso lwaMashishini amaninzi
Ngokusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo, izitena ezinqanda udongwe zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumashishini amaninzi.

Kwishishini le-metallurgical, ukusuka kwizitofu eziqhumayo, izitovu ezitshisayo ukuya kwiziko elivulekileyo kunye nezitofu zombane, izitena ezinqanda udongwe zizinto ezibalulekileyo eziyimfuneko. Njengezinto ze-lininging, ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuhlanjululwa kunye nokukhukuliseka kwe-high-temperature yentsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye ne-slag, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubela phambili kwenkqubo ye-metallurgical kunye nokubonelela indawo ezinzileyo yobushushu obuphezulu bokunyibilika kwesinyithi njengentsimbi.

Kwishishini lokwenziwa kweglasi, iiglasi zokunyibilikisa iiglasi kufuneka zisebenze kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo ixesha elide, kwaye iimfuno zezinto eziphikisayo zingqongqo kakhulu. Izitena ezichasayo zodongwe ziye zaba lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiziko lokunyibilika kweglasi ngenxa yokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokuzinza okuhle kwe-thermal. Abakwazi nje ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kweglasi yobushushu obuphezulu benyibilika kodwa kwakhona bagcine uzinzo lwesakhiwo phantsi kotshintsho oluqhelekileyo lobushushu, ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa komgangatho ophezulu weglasi.

Kwishishini le-ceramic, ii-kilns ezifana ne-tunnel kilns kunye ne-shuttle kilns kufuneka zilawule ngokuchanekileyo ubushushu kunye nomoya xa udubula iimveliso ze-ceramic. Ngenxa yezinto ezigqwesileyo zokuchasa kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu, izitena ezinqambileyo zodongwe zinokubonelela ngemeko ezinzileyo ye-thermal yokudubula i-ceramic, inceda ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nesivuno seemveliso ze-ceramic.

Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-samente, i-rotary kiln sisixhobo esingundoqo, kwaye ubushushu bokusebenza buphezulu kakhulu. Njengoko i-lining material ye-rotary kiln, izitena ezinqambileyo zodongwe ziyakwazi ukuxhathisa ngokufanelekileyo ukugqoka kunye nokukhukuliseka kweekhemikhali zezinto eziphezulu zokushisa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwexesha elide le-rotary kiln, kunye nokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso sokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwemveliso yesamente.

Inkqubo Ekhulileyo kunye noMgangatho othembekileyo

Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwezitena zodongwe ezihlaziyiweyo ziphuhliswe kakuhle kwaye zacokiswa ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ngoku sele ikhulile. Okokuqala, izinto ezikrwada ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinjengodongwe nekaolin zikhethwa ngocoselelo kwaye zicocwe. Emva koko, izinto ezikrwada zixutywa ngokwemilinganiselo echanekileyo kwaye zenziwe ngokucinezela okomileyo okanye iindlela zokwenza iplastiki. Emva kokuqulunqwa, izitena ezivaliweyo zomisiwe ukuze zisuse umswakama ogqithiseleyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, zigxothwa kwindawo yokushisa ephezulu. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ukusuka kwi-1250 ° C ukuya kwi-1420 ° C, uchungechunge lweenguqu ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali zenzeke ngaphakathi kwezitena ezingenanto, zenza isakhiwo se-crystal esizinzile, ngaloo ndlela sifumana iimpawu ezinqabileyo kunye nezobugcisa.

Le nkqubo yokuvelisa evuthiweyo iqinisekisa umgangatho ozinzileyo kunye nothembekileyo wezitena zodongwe eziphikisayo. Isitena ngasinye sivavanywa ngokungqongqo, kwaye zombini inkangeleko, ubungakanani, kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo zihlangabezana nemigangatho efanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zabathengi. Nokuba izitena eziqhelekileyo okanye izitena ezahlukeneyo ezinokwakheka okukhethekileyo, zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zoshishino ezahlukeneyo.

Sikhethe ukuba sifumane izitena zoDongwe eziBoneyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu

Phakathi kwabaninzi ababoneleli ngezitena zodongwe, siyaphuma kwiminyaka yethu yamava oshishino, iteknoloji yemveliso ephucukileyo, kunye nenkqubo engqongqo yokulawula umgangatho. Sineqela lobuchwephesha le-R & D elihlala lizibophelele ekuphuculeni nasekuveliseni imveliso entsha yokusebenza ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo zabathengi bethu.

Izixhobo zethu zokuvelisa zisemgangathweni, zivumela imveliso enkulu kunye nokuqinisekisa umthamo owaneleyo wokubonelela. Nokuba ingakanani iodolo yakho, sinokuzisa ngexesha. Kwangaxeshanye, sincamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu kwinkonzo yabathengi. Ukususela ekuboniseni imveliso, uyilo lwesisombululo ukuya kwinkonzo emva kokuthengisa, iqela leengcali liya kukunika inkxaso kunye nesiqinisekiso esipheleleyo.

Ukuba ukhangele izitena ezinqabileyo zodongwe ezisemgangathweni ukubonelela ngezisombululo ezithembekileyo zokukhusela ubushushu kwimveliso yakho yoshishino, uze ukhethe thina. Siza kukukhonza ngentliziyo epheleleyo kwaye sisebenzisana nawe ukwenza ikamva elingcono. Qhagamshelana nathi ngoku ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya lwemveliso kunye neengcaphuno kwaye uqale uhambo lwakho lokuthenga izitena zodongwe ezikumgangatho ophezulu.