Izitena Ezirhabaxa Zodongwe: Isiseko Esithembekileyo Kwindawo Yoshishino Enobushushu Obuphezulu

Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemveliso yemizi-mveliso, iindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu zibangela imingeni efanayo. Nokuba kushishino lwesinyithi, ukwenziwa kweglasi, iseramikhi, okanye ukuvelisa isamente, kufuneka izixhobo ezithembekileyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo zemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Njengezinto ezichasayo ezivavanyiweyo ixesha elide, izitena ezichasayo zodongwe zidlala indima engenakutshintshwa nebalulekileyo kwintsimi yobushushu obuphezulu yemizi-mveliso ngokusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo.

Ukusebenza Okumangalisayo Ukujongana Nemingeni Yobushushu Obuphezulu

Izitena ezikrekrethayo zodongwe zibonisa uthotho lweenzuzo zokusebenza ezimangalisayo ngenxa yokwakheka kwazo okwahlukileyo kweekhemikhali kunye nesakhiwo sazo esincinci. Izinto eziphambili kuzo ludongwe kunye ne-kaolin, kwaye inani elithile lezinto ezincedisayo ezifana nesanti ye-quartz, i-bauxite, kunye ne-gangue yamalahle zihlala zongezwa. Olu didi lwezinto ezikrekrethayo olucwangcisiweyo luzinika iipropati ezintle zokukrekrethayo. Ngokubanzi, izitena ezikrekrethayo zodongwe zinokumelana ngokulula nobushushu obungaphezulu kwe-1000°C, kwaye ezinye iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu obungaphezulu kwe-1500°C, zibonelela ngomqobo oqinileyo wokukhusela ubushushu obuphezulu kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso.

Ngaphezu koko, izitena ezirhabaxa zodongwe zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekumelaneni nokugqwala. Udongwe kunye ne-kaolin kwizinto eziqulathe amanqanaba aphezulu e-silicate kunye ne-aluminate, anokumelana ngempumelelo nokukhukuliseka kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali ezifana nee-asidi, ii-alkalis, kunye neetyuwa. Olu phawu lubenza bathandwe kakhulu kumashishini aneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokuxhathisa ukugqwala, njengeekhemikhali kunye namashishini e-metallurgical, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kwezixhobo kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zeekhemikhali.

Kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, ukuguguleka kwezinto yinto eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, izitena zodongwe ezinganyangekiyo zinokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle ngenxa yobunzima bazo obuphezulu kunye noxinano oluphezulu. Umphezulu wazo awuguguleki lula kubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye zinokugcina ukuguda kunye namandla oomatshini ixesha elide, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo kwaye inciphise iindleko zokulungisa.

Ukongeza, izitena zodongwe ezirhabaxa nazo zineempawu ezilungileyo zokuthintela ubushushu. Izinto zokuthintela ubushushu ezifana ne-perlite eyongeziweyo kunye ne-vermiculite eyongeziweyo ehlala ifumaneka ngaphakathi zinokuthintela ngempumelelo ukudluliselwa kobushushu, zidlale indima entle yokugcina ubushushu kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, zinciphise ukulahleka kobushushu, kwaye ziphucule ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo.

Izicelo Ezibanzi Zokuphucula Uphuhliso Lwamashishini Amaninzi
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo, izitena zodongwe ezinganyangekiyo ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi.

Kwishishini lesinyithi, ukusuka kwiifutha eziqhumayo, izitovu ezishushu eziqhumayo ukuya kwiifutha ezivulekileyo kunye neefutha zombane, izitena zodongwe ezinganyangekiyo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo. Njengezinto zokwambathisa, zinokumelana nokukhuhla kunye nokuguguleka kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kunye ne-slag eshushu kakhulu, ukuqinisekisa inkqubela phambili egudileyo yenkqubo yesinyithi kwaye zibonelela ngendawo ezinzileyo yobushushu obuphezulu yokunyibilikisa izinyithi ezifana nentsimbi.

Kwishishini lokuvelisa iiglasi, izithando zokunyibilikisa iiglasi kufuneka zisebenze kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ixesha elide, kwaye iimfuno zezinto ezichaseneyo zingqongqo kakhulu. Izitena ezichaseneyo zodongwe ziye zaba lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwizithando zokunyibilikisa iiglasi ngenxa yokumelana kwazo namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokuzinza okuhle kobushushu. Azikwazi kuphela ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kokunyibilikisa iiglasi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kodwa zikwagcina uzinzo lwesakhiwo phantsi kotshintsho oluqhelekileyo lobushushu, ukuqinisekisa imveliso yeglasi esemgangathweni ophezulu.

Kwishishini le-ceramic, ii-oven ezifana nee-tunnel kilns kunye nee-shuttle kilns kufuneka zilawule ngokuchanekileyo ubushushu kunye nomoya xa zitshisa iimveliso ze-ceramic. Ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezintle zokukhusela nokugcina ubushushu, izitena zodongwe ezikhuselayo zinokubonelela ngendawo yobushushu ezinzileyo yokutshisa i-ceramic, inceda ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nemveliso yeemveliso ze-ceramic.

Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa isamente, i-rotary oven sesona sixhobo siphambili, kwaye ubushushu bokusebenza buphezulu kakhulu. Njengezinto zokwambathisa i-rotary oven, izitena zodongwe ezinganyangekiyo zinokumelana ngempumelelo nokuguguleka kunye nokubola kweekhemikhali kwezinto ezishushu kakhulu, ziqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kwe-rotary oven, kwaye zibonelele ngesiqinisekiso sokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwemveliso yesamente.

Inkqubo Evuthiweyo kunye Nomgangatho Othembekileyo

Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwezitena ezinganyangekiyo zodongwe iye yaphuhliswa kakuhle kwaye yacocwa ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ngoku sele ivuthiwe. Okokuqala, izinto eziluhlaza ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana nodongwe kunye ne-kaolin zikhethwa ngononophelo kwaye zicutshungulwe kakuhle. Emva koko, izinto eziluhlaza zixutywa ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo kwaye zenziwe ngendlela yokucinezela okomileyo okanye yokwenza iplastiki. Emva kokwenziwa, izitena ezingenanto zomiswa ukuze kususwe umswakama ogqithisileyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, zitshiswa kwi-oven enobushushu obuphezulu. Kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukusuka kwi-1250°C ukuya kwi-1420°C, uthotho lotshintsho lwendalo kunye neekhemikhali lwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezitena ezingenanto, zenze isakhiwo sekristale esizinzileyo, ngaloo ndlela zifumana iimpawu ezintle zokunganyangekiyo kunye nezoomatshini.

Le nkqubo yokuvelisa evuthiweyo iqinisekisa umgangatho ozinzileyo nothembekileyo wezitena zodongwe ezinganyangekiyo. Isitena ngasinye sihlolwa ngokungqongqo umgangatho, kwaye inkangeleko yaso, ubungakanani, kunye neempawu zaso zihlangabezana nemigangatho efanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zabathengi. Nokuba zizitena eziqhelekileyo okanye izitena ezahlukeneyo ezinemilo ekhethekileyo, zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.

Khetha Thina Ukuze Sifumane Izitena Ezinobumba Obuphezulu Ezinokurhawuzelela

Phakathi kwababoneleli abaninzi bezitena ezinganyangekiyo zodongwe, sihlukile ngamava ethu eminyaka kushishino, iteknoloji yemveliso ephucukileyo, kunye nenkqubo yokulawula umgangatho engqongqo. Sineqela leengcali zophando nophuhliso elihlala lizimisele ukuphucula nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezikhulayo zabathengi bethu.

Izixhobo zethu zemveliso zisemgangathweni ophezulu, zivumela imveliso enkulu kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba kukho amandla aneleyo okubonelelwa. Nokuba ingakanani na iodolo yakho, singayizisa ngexesha. Kwangaxeshanye, sinikela inkonzo yabathengi ngokubaluleka okukhulu. Ukususela kwingcebiso yemveliso, uyilo lwesisombululo ukuya kwinkonzo yasemva kokuthengisa, iqela leengcali liya kukunika inkxaso epheleleyo kunye nesiqinisekiso.

Ukuba ufuna izitena zodongwe ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezikwaziyo ukubonelela ngezisombululo zokukhusela ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwimveliso yakho yemizi-mveliso, khetha thina. Siza kukukhonza ngentliziyo yonke kwaye sisebenzisane nawe ukudala ikamva elingcono. Nxibelelana nathi ngoku ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya ngemveliso kunye neengcaphuno kwaye uqale uhambo lwakho lokuthenga izitena zodongwe ezikwaziyo ukucoca ezikumgangatho ophezulu.