Izitena zeSilica Refractory: Iindlela eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kumacandelo oshishino ukuze kubekho uzinzo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu

Kwiinkqubo zoshishino ezixhomekeke kubushushu obugqithisileyo—ukusuka kwiglasi enyibilikayo ukuya kwintsimbi enyibilikisayo—ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo ezichaseneyo kunokwenza okanye kuphazamise ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.Izitena zeSilica RefractoryZiyeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo kwezi ndawo zinzima, ngenxa yokumelana kwazo nobushushu obuphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1750°C), ukwanda kobushushu obuphantsi, kunye nokumelana okunamandla nokukhukuliseka kwe-asidi. Kodwa ezi zitena ziqinileyo zibonelela phi ngexabiso eliphakamileyo? Makhe sihlalutye ukusetyenziswa kwazo okubalulekileyo kumashishini aphambili, kwaye kutheni zisisisombululo esikhethwayo kwiinjineli kunye nabaphathi bezityalo kwihlabathi liphela.

Yintoni Eyenza Izitena ZeSilica Ezingashukumiyo Zilungele Ukufakwa Kwezicelo Eziphezulu Zobushushu?

Ngaphambi kokuba ufunde indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda iimpawu ezenza izitena ezichasene ne-silica zibe yinto ebalulekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto ezichasene ne-silica (ezifana nodongwe lomlilo okanye izitena ze-alumina), izitena ze-silica zenziwe ngokuyintloko nge-crystalline silica, ebangela ukuba:

Ukumelana nobushushu okugqwesileyo:Zigcina ulwakhiwo lwazo lusemgangathweni nokuba kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-1700°C, nto leyo ezenza zilungele iinkqubo eziqhubekayo zobushushu obuphezulu.

Ukwandiswa okuphantsi kobushushu:Oku kunciphisa ukuqhekeka nokujika xa kubonakaliswa kutshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu (ingxaki eqhelekileyo kwiifenitshala zoshishino).

Ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kwe-asidi:Zimelana kakuhle neegesi ezine-asidi kunye ne-slags, nto leyo eyimfuneko kumashishini afana nokuvelisa i-coke kunye nokuvelisa iglasi.

Ubomi benkonzo ende:Ukuqina kwazo kunciphisa isidingo sokutshintshwa rhoqo, kunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi.

Ezi mpawu zenza izitena ze-silica ezinganyangekiyo zoshishino zibe sisisombululo esisebenzisekayo kumacandelo afuna ukuthembeka phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.

Ukusetyenziswa Okuphambili Kwezitena Ezirhabaxa ZeSilica Ngamashishini​

Izitena ezirhabaxa zesilika aziyonto "efanayo"—iingenelo zazo ezikhethekileyo zihambelana neemfuno ezithile zoshishino. Apha ngezantsi kukho amacandelo apho zidlala indima ebalulekileyo, kunye nendlela ezisombulula ngayo imingeni ephambili.​

1. Ii-oveni zeCoke: Umqolo weMveliso yeNsimbi

Ii-oven ze-coke zibalulekile ekuguquleni amalahle abe yi-coke (i-fuel ephambili yokwenza intsimbi), kwaye zisebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe-1100°C kunye ne-1300°C ixesha elide. Izitena ze-silica ezinganyangekiyo kwii-oven ze-coke ziyindlela efanelekileyo apha ngezizathu ezibini ezibalulekileyo:

Ziyamelana neegesi ezine-asidi (ezifana ne-carbon monoxide kunye ne-sulfur dioxide) ezikhutshwa ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-carbonization yamalahle, nto leyo ethintela ukonakala kwezitena kunye nokuvuza kwegesi.

Ukwandiswa kwazo kubushushu obuphantsi kuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo lwe-oven luhlala luqinile kuyo yonke imijikelo yokufudumeza nokupholisa yemihla ngemihla, nto leyo ethintela ukuqhekeka okubiza kakhulu okunokuthintela imveliso.

Abaphathi bezityalo baxhomekeke kwizitena ezirhabaxa ze-silica ezishushu kakhulu kwiindawo zokubeka ii-oven ze-coke kunye neeflue, njengoko nokusilela kwelayini encinci kunokukhokelela kwiiveki zokungasebenzi—okubangela ukuba imveliso ilahleke ngezigidi.

2. Izithando Zokunyibilikisa Iglasi: Ukuqinisekisa Iglasi Ecocekileyo Nengaguquguqukiyo​

Ukuveliswa kweglasi kufuna ukunyibilikisa izinto ezikrwada (isanti, uthuthu lwesoda, ilitye lekalika) kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-1600°C, kwaye ulwelo lwesithando akufuneki luchaphazeleke neglasi enyibilikisiweyo (eya kungcolisa imveliso yokugqibela). Izitena zesilika zee-oven ezinyibilikisa iglasi zifanelekile kuba:

Ukungaguquguquki kwazo kuthintela ukusabela kweekhemikhali kwiglasi enyibilikisiweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iglasi ihlala icocekile kwaye ingenazo izinto ezingcolileyo.

Zimelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuhamba kweglasi enyibilikisiweyo, okunciphisa ukuguguleka kwelayini kunye nokwandisa ubomi besithando.

Zihlala zisetyenziswa "kwisakhiwo esingaphezulu" sezithando zeglasi (amacandelo aphezulu ngaphezulu kweglasi enyibilikisiweyo), apho amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye umphunga we-asidi uxinene kakhulu.

Kubavelisi beglasi, ukusebenzisa izitena ze-silica ezinganyangekiyo yi-asidi kuthetha ukuba imveliso ayinazo iziphene ezininzi kwaye ixesha elide lokusebenzisa i-oven—kubalulekile ekufezekiseni imihla yokugqibela yemveliso.

3. IiKilns zoShishino lweNsimbi: Ukuphatha ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokulahlwa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo​

Imveliso yentsimbi ibandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi ezitshisa kakhulu, kuquka ii-blast furnitures, ii-electric arc furnitures (EAFs), kunye nee-ladle furnitures. Izitena ze-silica refractory zee-steel furnitures zibalaseleyo kwezi meko kuba:

Ziyamelana nesenzo sokurhawuzelela sentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo kunye ne-slag, enokuthi iguge ngokukhawuleza izinto ezinganyangekiyo.

Umthamo wazo ophezulu wobushushu unceda ukugcina amaqondo obushushu afanayo kwi-oven, ukuphucula umgangatho wentsimbi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.

Zihlala zisetyenziswa “kwiziko” (ezantsi) “nakwiindonga ezisecaleni” zee-EAF, apho amaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-1700°C kwaye uxinzelelo loomatshini luphezulu.

Iifektri zentsimbi ezisebenzisa izitena ezinganyangekiyo ze-silica ezihlala ixesha elide zixela iindleko zokulungisa eziphantsi kunye nokuvalwa okuncinci okungacwangciswanga—iingenelo eziphambili kushishino olukhuphisanayo kakhulu.​

4. Ezinye izicelo zemizi-mveliso​

Ngaphandle kwe-coke, iglasi, kunye nentsimbi, izitena zomlilo ze-silica zisetyenziswa kwezinye izicwangciso zokushisa okuphezulu, kuquka:

Ii-oven ze-ceramic:Zibonelela nge-lining ezinzileyo yokutshisa iiseramikhi kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-1600°C.

Ii-reactors zeekhemikhali:Ukumelana kwazo ne-asidi kuzenza zilungele ii-reactors ezisingatha iinkqubo ze-asidi (umz., ukuveliswa kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric).

Izinto zokutshisa inkunkuma:Zimelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye neegesi ezirhabaxa eziveliswa ngexesha lokutshiswa kwenkunkuma.